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Germany, E-Rechnung

Germany is phasing in mandatory structured e-invoicing, the E-Rechnung, for domestic B2B. The format must meet the European standard EN 16931, with XRechnung and ZUGFeRD the common implementations. There is no central clearance hub: this is an invoicing mandate, and the government does not validate each invoice as it passes. A separate national real-time reporting system is a future plan of the Federal Ministry of Finance, but it is not yet dated in law, so no reporting go-live should be assumed.

The rollout is staggered, and receipt comes before issuance. Since 1 January 2025, every domestic company must be able to receive an E-Rechnung. That is the obligation that already bites. Issuance is softened by transition rules. Through 31 December 2026, any issuer may still send a paper or other-format invoice with the recipient's consent. Issuers with prior-year turnover up to 800,000 euros, and businesses using established EDI procedures, get until 31 December 2027. From 1 January 2028, issuing an E-Rechnung is mandatory for all domestic B2B, with the transition periods expired.

Business-to-government invoicing was already mandatory at federal level from 2020. Business-to-consumer is out of scope. The legal basis for the B2B mandate is the Wachstumschancengesetz, in force from 1 January 2025.

The practical reading for a business is simple. Be able to receive now, and plan issuance around your turnover: 2027 if you are above 800,000 euros, 2028 for everyone.

Facts

FieldValue
MandateE-Rechnung (EN 16931; XRechnung, ZUGFeRD)
ModelStructured e-invoicing, phased (no clearance hub)
StatusPhased rollout
ScopeDomestic B2B; B2G since 2020; B2C out of scope
Receive1 January 2025 (all companies)
Issue (over 800,000 euros)1 January 2027
Issue (all)1 January 2028
Last verified16 July 2026

Primary source

Bundesministerium der Finanzen, E-Rechnung FAQ: bundesfinanzministerium.de.

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